Tramadol
Brand: Ultram (US) / Tramazac (IN) / Tramafen (BD)
Analgesic
Opioid analgesic (atypical)
Pharmacokinetics
| Half-life | 6 hours |
| Tmax | 2 h |
| Bioavailability | 70 % (approx) |
| Protein Binding | 20 % |
| Volume of Distribution | 2.6 L/kg (approx) |
| Clearance Route | mixed |
| Active Metabolites | uncertain |
| Notes | Reduce dose in renal impairment; ER formulations max 300 mg/day. |
⚠️ Safety & Warnings
Severity: Moderate
Adverse Effects:
Nausea, dizziness, somnolence, constipation, seizures, serotonin syndrome, respiratory depression
Contraindications:
Severe respiratory depression, acute intoxication with alcohol/opioids, MAOI use within 14 days
Precautions:
Caution with SSRIs/SNRIs due to serotonin syndrome; seizure disorder; renal/hepatic impairment
• t½: 6 hours
• Tmax: 2 hours
• Bioavailability: 0.70 (70%)
• Protein binding: ~20%
• Vd: 2.6 L/kg
• Clearance route: Hepatic + renal
• Active metabolites: Yes (O-desmethyltramadol, M1)
• Max dose: 400 mg/day (adults)