Anticonvulsant Class
Carbamazepine
Brand: Tegretol (US/EU) / Zeptol (IN) / Carbolith (BD)
Subclass: Sodium channel blocker
PK:
t½ 15 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 1200 day
Max Dose: 1200 day
severe
AE: Sedation, ataxia, dizziness, hyponatremia (SIADH), bone marrow suppression, rash
AE: Sedation, ataxia, dizziness, hyponatremia (SIADH), bone marrow suppression, rash
Divalproex Sodium
Brand: Depakote (US) / Divaa (IN) / Divalon (BD)
Subclass: GABA agonist / HDAC inhibitor
PK:
t½ 11 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 60 day
Max Dose: 60 day
severe
AE: Hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, tremor, sedation, weight gain, hair loss
AE: Hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, tremor, sedation, weight gain, hair loss
Ethosuximide
Brand: Zarontin (US/EU) / Emeside (UK) / Ethosuximide (IN/BD)
Subclass: T-type calcium channel blocker
PK:
t½ 60 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 1500 day
Max Dose: 1500 day
moderate
AE: GI upset, nausea, lethargy, headache; rare blood dyscrasias, SJS
AE: GI upset, nausea, lethargy, headache; rare blood dyscrasias, SJS
Felbamate
Brand: Felbatol (US) / Felbamate (generic)
Subclass: NMDA receptor antagonist / GABA enhancer
PK:
t½ 20 hours | Clearance: mixed
Max Dose: 3600 day
Max Dose: 3600 day
life-threatening
AE: Weight loss, insomnia, headache; **aplastic anemia**, **acute hepatic failure** (boxed warnings)
AE: Weight loss, insomnia, headache; **aplastic anemia**, **acute hepatic failure** (boxed warnings)
Lamotrigine
Brand: Lamictal (US/EU) / Lamitor (IN) / Lamotrin (BD)
Subclass: Sodium channel blocker / glutamate release inhibitor
PK:
t½ 29 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 200 day
Max Dose: 200 day
severe
AE: Rash (can progress to SJS/TEN), dizziness, diplopia, headache
AE: Rash (can progress to SJS/TEN), dizziness, diplopia, headache
Levetiracetam
Brand: Keppra (US/EU) / Levipil (IN) / Levepsy (BD)
Subclass: SV2A modulator
PK:
t½ 7 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 3000 day
Max Dose: 3000 day
moderate
AE: Somnolence, fatigue, behavioral irritability, mood changes
AE: Somnolence, fatigue, behavioral irritability, mood changes
Oxcarbazepine
Brand: Trileptal (US/EU) / Oxetol (IN) / Oxep (BD)
Subclass: Sodium channel blocker
PK:
t½ 9 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 2400 day
Max Dose: 2400 day
moderate
AE: Hyponatremia (even more common than carbamazepine), dizziness, somnolence, rash
AE: Hyponatremia (even more common than carbamazepine), dizziness, somnolence, rash
Perampanel
Brand: Fycompa (US/EU) / Perampanel (IN/BD)
Subclass: AMPA receptor antagonist
PK:
t½ 105 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 12 day
Max Dose: 12 day
moderate
AE: Dizziness, somnolence, ataxia, irritability, aggression, falls
AE: Dizziness, somnolence, ataxia, irritability, aggression, falls
Phenytoin
Brand: Dilantin (US) / Eptoin (IN) / Dantoin (BD)
Subclass: Sodium channel blocker
PK:
t½ 22 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 500 day
Max Dose: 500 day
severe
AE: Ataxia, nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, rash, neuropathy
AE: Ataxia, nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, rash, neuropathy
Sodium Valproate
Brand: Epilim (EU) / Valprol (IN) / Encorate (IN) / Gestalt (BD)
Subclass: GABA agonist / HDAC inhibitor
PK:
t½ 14 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 60 day
Max Dose: 60 day
severe
AE: Hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, tremor, sedation, weight gain, thrombocytopenia, hair loss
AE: Hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, tremor, sedation, weight gain, thrombocytopenia, hair loss
Topiramate
Brand: Topamax (US/EU) / Topamac (IN) / Topamax (BD)
Subclass: Sodium channel blocker / GABA enhancer / carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
PK:
t½ 21 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 400 day
Max Dose: 400 day
moderate
AE: Paresthesia, cognitive slowing, word-finding difficulty, weight loss, kidney stones, metabolic acidosis
AE: Paresthesia, cognitive slowing, word-finding difficulty, weight loss, kidney stones, metabolic acidosis